#  `render`

Render PDF pages as images or a single rasterized PDF
## Usage
> pdftl `<input>` `render` `[<page_specs>...]` `[dpi=<val>]` `[output` `<template>]`

## Details
The `render` operation converts PDF pages into raster images or a single PDF.
It respects page rotation, cropping, and current pipeline modifications.

You can specify a page range using standard page specifications (e.g., `1-5`, `even`).
If no pages are specified, all pages are rendered.

The `dpi=<val>` argument sets the raster image resolution, in dots per
inch (default: 150). It must be a positive number.

The default `<template>` is `page_%d.png`. The parameter `%d` is replaced
with the output page counter value, starting at `1`. Standard formatting
directives like `%03d` are supported.

**Single PDF Output:**
If the output template ends with `.pdf` and contains no `%` directive
(e.g., `output out.pdf`), all rendered pages will be combined into a
single PDF file. Note: This keeps all page images in memory until saved.

**Image Output:**
If rendering to images, the output format is guessed from the `<template>`
extension (e.g., `.png`, `.jpg`). If no extension is given, PNG is used.
## Examples

> Render all pages at 150 dpi to `page_1.png`, `page_2.png`, ...
```
pdftl in.pdf render
```

> Render pages 1 to 5 at 300 dpi to `out001.png`, ...
```
pdftl in.pdf render 1-5 dpi=300 output out%03d.png
```

> Render odd pages into a single PDF document at 150 dpi
```
pdftl in.pdf render odd output rasterized.pdf
```


**Tags**: images, experimental, alpha

*Source: pdftl.operations.render*

*Read online: [https://pdftl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/operations/render.html](https://pdftl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/operations/render.html)*

*Type: Operation*