#  `rotate`

Rotate pages in a PDF
## Usage
> pdftl `<input>` `rotate` `<spec>...` `output` `<file>` `[<option...>]`

## Details
Rotates pages by 90, 180, or 270 degrees. Each '<spec>' consists of a
page range followed by a rotation direction. A rotation direction is
either a cardinal direction or a relative direction.

The cardinal directions `north`, `east`, `south`, `west` are absolute
rotations, relative to the page's "natural" orientation which is
`north`. (You get to find out what this natural orientation is by
setting this to `north` and inspecting the file. Often it is `north`
already but not always.)

The relative directions `left`, `right`, `down` are relative to the
page's current rotation, viewed from the topside of the page. For
example, `down` will turn pages upside-down. And `right` rotates 90
degrees clockwise.

For example, '1-endeast' orients all pages 90 degrees clockwise
compared to their natural rotation.

And '2-3left 4south' rotates pages 2-3 leftwards and makes page 4
Australian.
## Examples

> Rotate all pages 90 degrees clockwise
```
pdftl in.pdf rotate right output out.pdf
```

> Rotate page 3 by 180 degrees
```
pdftl in.pdf rotate 3down output out.pdf
```


**Tags**: in_place, geometry

*Source: pdftl.operations.rotate*

*Read online: [https://pdftl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/operations/rotate.html](https://pdftl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/operations/rotate.html)*

*Type: Operation*